Humans are surrounded by vibrations that are extremely important to how the ambient environment is perceived. These findings inform the development of quantitative measurements for vibration intensities based on neural signals. Beta ERD signals the presence of vibration. Furthermore, the average PSD of the ERD rebound (700–2,000 ms) is significantly maintained for the high-vibration intensity compared to low-intensity and no vibration conditions. The average power spectral density (PSD) of the peak period of the ERD (400–600 ms) is significantly stronger for the high- and low-vibration intensity conditions compared to the no vibration condition. Results demonstrate that the ERD in the alpha band in the contralateral somatosensory and motor cortex areas is significantly associated with the vibration intensity. The alpha and beta band event-related desynchronization (ERD) as well as P2 and P3 event-related potential components for each of the three vibration intensity conditions are obtained. Twenty-nine healthy participants (aged 18–40 years, nine females) experienced vibrotactile feedback at the distal phalanx of the left index finger with three vibration intensity conditions: no vibration, low-intensity vibration (1.56 g), and high-intensity vibration (2.26 g). The aim of this study is to investigate neural processes associated with vibration intensity using electroencephalography. Although neuroimaging studies have investigated neural processes associated with different types of vibrotactile feedback, encoding vibration intensity in the brain remains largely unknown. Vibrotactile feedback technology has become widely used in human–computer interaction due to its low cost, wearability, and expressiveness.
2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.1Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.Wanjoo Park 1, Sung-Phil Kim 2 and Mohamad Eid 1 *
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